Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza kwesainzi uye tekinoroji,polymer mapurasitikivakaita budiriro huru, kugadzira zvinhu zvekuvaka zvevanhu uye zvekugara zvichibva pane zvakaoma uye nekukurumidza kune zvinyoro.
1.Tsanangudzo
Zvikamu zvikuru zvepolymer mapurasitikianonyanya kuumbwa epolymer, ane huremu hwemamorekuru hunosvika 1 000, inongori yepfungwa yemuviri.Parizvino, mapurasitiki epolymer anoshandiswa zvakanyanya, asi kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva kwepurasitiki kunogadzirwa nemakomisheni epolymer, anowanzonzi akakwira kana macromolecule, anogadzirwa nemonomer raw materials kana mbishi zvinhu muzvinhu zvakabatanidzwa, uye kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwakazotevera, uye fusion resin, ruvara, stabilizer uye zvimwe zvinowedzera.Chimiro chepolymer plastiki chinogona kuchinjwa zvakasununguka uye chinogona kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi.
2.Unhu
Mapurasitiki ePolymer haangove neayo akasiyana, ndiko kuti, shanduko dzisiri dzechimiro, asiwo dzine viscoelasticity.Polymer plastiki, kana ichiiswa kumasimba ekunze, muviri wayo unoburitsa yakakwira elastic deformation, viscous flow, polymer plastic deformation inonyanya kuenderana nenguva.Pamusoro pezvo, polymer plastiki inewo yakakwira chaiyo simba, yakaderera simba uye humwe hunhu, kusimba kwepolymer plastiki kunowanzo kuderera, asi density yayo yakadzikira, saka simba rinove rakakwirira.Polymer ine hunhu hwakawanda, hwakadai sekudzikama kwepamusoro, kupfeka kwakakwira kuramba, kuwedzera, kuvharika kwepamusoro, saka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, nekufarirwa nevanhu vazhinji.
Mhando dzemapurasitiki epolymer zvakare akasiyana.Parizvino, kupatsanurwa kwemapurasitiki epolymer muChina kunonyanya kusanganisira zvikamu zvinomwe: rabha, polymer coatings, polymer zvinhu, matrix composites, mapurasitiki, fiber uye mapurasitiki.
a.Rubber.
Mutengo werabha molecular chain idiki, inoshanduka, izvi zvinobva pakuona kwemunda wefizikisi.Rubha nehukuru hwesimba rekunze huchachinja chimiro chayo, nekusagadzikana, kana simba rekunze rakabviswa, mamiriro ekutanga erabha anogona kukurumidza kudzorerwa.
b.Polymer adhesive.
Izvo zvinonamira zvepolymer adhesive zvinonyanya kusanganiswa zvakasikwa.Mukuita, inowanzokamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: echisikigo, anonamira ekugadzira.Inonyanya kushandiswa ndeyekunamira kwekugadzira.
c.polymer kupfeka.
Izvo zvikamu zvikuru zvepolymer coatings zvinonyanya mapolymers, ayo anogadzirwa nenzira iri nyore, kunyanya kuwedzera zvinonyungudutsa kana zvinowedzera mukugadzira kwayo.Polymer coating yakakamurwa kuita 3 mhando kazhinji, dzinoti girisi, synthetic resin uye resin chaiyo, inowanzo shandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
d.polymer zvinhu.
Izvo zvinowanzo shandiswa zvakakwirira mamorekuru huremu zvinhu zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira yakakwira molecular enzyme uye yakakwira molecular transparent materials.Polymer zvinhu zvine mamwe mabasa: simba, zvinhu, shanduko yeruzivo, kutapurirana uye magineti.
e.fiber.
Fiber yakajairika muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kazhinji yakakamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: faibha yechisikigo uye kemikari fiber.Fiber ine maitiro ediki deformation simba, diki yechipiri valence simba uye yakakwirira modulus mune yemuviri pfungwa.
f.Plastiki.
Plastiki imhando yezvinhu ZVINOSHANDISA zvakanyanya pari zvino, zvakare kuve izvo zvakajairika zvinhu.Izvo zvikamu zvikuru zvepurasitiki zvinowanzoita resin, mapolymeri echisikigo, uye kubatanidzwa kwezvimwe zvinowedzera, zvakadai seplasticizers, fillers nezvimwe zvakadaro.Purasitiki inowanzoenderana neyakagadzirwa resin, saka inogona kukamurwa kuita thermosetting plastiki, thermoplastic.
3. Zvinhu zvemuviri
Kazhinji, kana purasitiki yepolymer yakaiswa mumamiriro e-isothermal, zviri nyore kugadzira chigadzirwa.Mukugadzirisa chaiko, tembiricha yecrystallization haina kuenderana zvachose.Kana iyo crystallization tembiricha musiyano yakakura, ichakanganisa maitiro ekristallisation.Panguva imwecheteyo, kushushikana kwakanyanya kunowanzo kuumbwa mukutenderera kuumbwa, kutambanudza firimu kuumba uye extrusion kuumba, izvo zvinotungamira kune tsika yekukurumidza chigadzirwa.Mukuwedzera, mapurasitiki anoshandisa maitiro mukuveura kushushikana.Uye pasi pesimba rekushushikana kwekushushikana, iyo yakanyunguduka ichaita yakareba fibrous makristasi.Iyo yakakwirira yekushushikana uye kushushikana mazinga ari, anowedzera elonged cheni uye akakwira nzvimbo yekunyungudika.
4. Chemical properties
Kazhinji kutaura, kana mapurasitiki epolymer akaiswa mukushushikana kwakanyanya uye tembiricha yakakwira, chimiro chemolecular chichava neshanduko.Mukuita uku, mapurasitiki epolymer anowanzo kuburitsa huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvakasvibiswa, nekudaro achiburitsa zvimwe zvinokuvadza.Kuti izvi zviitike, mukugadzirisa kunofanirwa kuve kwakajeka zviratidziro zvezvinhu, sarudza yepamusoro-mhando mbishi zvinhu.Panguva imwecheteyo, huwandu hushoma hwe antioxidant uye stabilizer hunogona kuwedzerwa mune fomula yekuvandudza iyo anti-degradation performance yepolymer.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-16-2019