Mundima yemagetsi, chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pawaya dzemagetsi netambo insulating uye jacketing zvinhu.Kwemakore akawanda, pre-eminent insulation material yetambo dzemagetsi raive bepa rakaiswa mafuta nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwemagetsi.Iyo ine zvakare hunyanzvi hwekumira yakakwira dhigirii yekupisa yekupisa pasina kuderera zvakanyanya.Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo hygroscopicnature, iyo simbi sheath inonyorova.Pakave, saka, kudiwa kwenguva refu kwemagetsi emagetsi ekudzivirira, ayo aive nemusanganiswa weiyo isiri-hygroscopic chimiro che thermoplasticmaterials.
Kugadzirira kwe crosslinked polymers kunogona kuitwa nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana.Imwe ndiyo chemicalmethod uye imwe ndiyo nzira yeionizing.Kunyangwe kuzadziswa kwechiitiko ichi chekuyambuka kwave nemakore anopfuura 150, kusanganisa kweiyo ionizing radiation kwakaratidzwa kekutanga naCharlesby.Iyo radiation crosslinking nzira ndiyo inonyanya kugadzirwa kune diki-saizi uye thinwall waya uye nekudaro waya dzinoshandiswa pamagetsi nemagetsi michina dzakagadzirwa neradiation crosslinking nzira.Iyo nzira inobatsira nekuda kwekushomeka kwesimba uye inoda nzvimbo diki.Maitiro emwaranzi anodzorwa zviri nyore uye ane mukana wekuchengetedza simba pamwe nekusvibiswa kunodzorwa.Iwo chaiwo maficha eradiation crosslinking anopfupikiswa sezvizvi: (1) Iyo yekumhanyisa mutsetse wekugadzira inogona kudzorwa.High speed yekuvhara (extrusion) inogoneka, sezvo pasina chinodiwa che crosslinking agent.Nekushandisa accelerator ine simba rakawanda uye yakaderera simba, kukurumidza kurapa kunogona kuwanikwa.(2) Crosslinking kufanana kwakanaka.Iyo yunifomu yekuyambuka nekusarudza mushini wakakodzera uye kutora dhizaini yakakwana yekudyisa waya inogona kuitwa.(3) Mhando dzakasiyana dzemapolymers anogona kugadzirwa, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekuyambuka neradiation crosslinking process.Zvakare, iyo radiation yekurapa maitiro iri nani pane iyo steam yekurapa maitiro.Mukuita kurapa kwesteam, mvura inopinda mupolymer layer pasi pemhepo yakakwira yemhepo inogadzira huwandu hwe'microvoids', iyo inogona kukonzeresa kuparara kwemuti muchidimbu kana tambo iri kushanda.Kunyange zvazvo chiitiko chacho chakanyanya kuoma, miti inogona kukura uye kukonzera kuderera kwesimba re dielectric retambo.Kunze kweizvi, nzira yekurapa mhepo ine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi kubva pakuona kwekushandiswa kwesimba: (a) high steam pressure inodiwa kuwana high tempera-ture;(b) kushanda kweiyo thermal conduction kubva kunze kwetambo kwakadzikira uye (c) huwandu hwakawanda hwesimba hunopedzwa netambo conductor, izvo zvinokonzeresa kuderera kwekupisa uye zvakare nguva yekuyambuka kuita.Radiation kurapa ndeye mumiriri kune yakaoma maitiro.Zvisineyi, zvine dambudziko rekuti kuumbwa kwemaerekitironi kwakamira uye/kana kuumbwa muchikamu chekudzivirira neradiation canal zvakare kukonzeresa kuputsika kwemuti-muchidimbu panguva uye mushure mekuvhenekera.Yakasiyana zvachose neye'nzira isina mvura'.Sezvo tambo yepolymer ine hunyoro hwepamusoro uye mavhodhi makuru, maitiro ekurapa anodiwa.Kunze kwemabhenefiti ari pamusoro apa, semiconductor zvinhu zvinogona kuunzwa zviri nyore muradiation yekurapa maitiro ayo asiri nyore kana ari mutsindo wekurapa maitiro sezvo mazhinji emidziyo aisakwanisa kumirisana nekupisa kwakanyanya uye kudzvanywa.
Radiation grafting tekinoroji inopawo conductivity kune matrix.Iyi ndiyo yakasarudzika nzira yekusanganisa yekuitisa matrix pane iyo insulating.Iyi nzira inosanganisira deactivation yemusana wepolymer ine monoma yakakodzera nekubatanidza uye kunotevera kuiswa kweiyo inoitisa polima pamusoro penzvimbo inoshanda yemusana.Kunze kweiyo insulating maitiro, mune iyi kesi polymer inogona kuita sekuitisa imwe.Kunyangwe iyo isati yatanga, inogona kuratidza akati wandei angangoita senge EMI kudzivirira, kuitisa machira uye antistatic agents.Bhattacharya etal.vakagadzira zvinoumbwa zvepolymer-FEP-g-(AA)–PPY uye polymer–FEP-g-(sty)–PPY.Pakutanga, polymer-FEP yakavhenekerwa fomu Co-60 sosi uye firimu rakazonyudzwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvemamonomers.PPy yakabva yaiswa pamusoro penzvimbo yakabatanidzwa neoxidative polymerizationof pyrrole ichishandisa ferric chloride seoxidant.Kuramba kwepamusoro kwakadzikira uye ndekwehurongwa hwe104-105ohm/cm2.Kuramba kwepamusoro kunoenderana nehuwandu hwekubatanidza kwemamonomers.Uchishandisa iyi tekinoroji, pamusoro conductivity kwete kuwanda conductivity inogona kuwedzerwa.Photoconductingbehaviour yefirimu inogonawo kupihwa nekubatanidza maitiro.Cellulose acetate-g-(N-vinyl carbazole) uye cellulose acetate-g-(N-vinyl carbazole-methyl methacylate) ndiyo mienzaniso yefirimu rinoitisa.
Muindasitiri yetambo dzemagetsi, kunyanya polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), EPDM marabha anoshandiswa.Polyethylene inoshandiswa nekuda kwekunaka kwayo magetsi emagetsi uye kureba kwayo.Low-density polyethylene inosarudzwa pane yakakwirira-densitypolyethylene nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Zvikonzero ndezvizvi zvinotevera: (a) kuwedzera kushanduka;(b) yakakwirira dielectric simba kupfuura high-density polyethylene;(c) hupenyu hurefu kupfuura HDPE;(d) isinganyanyi kunetsa kugadzirisa kupfuura HDPE uye (e) njodzi shoma yekuiswa kwevoids mukudzivirira kweLDPE, iyo inokonzera ionisation.Zvisinei nemabhenefiti akadai, LDPE ine painogumira sechinhu chekuvhara tambo.Kuve thermoplastic polymer, ine tembiricha yakapfava kutenderedza 105–115⬚C uye ine katsika kekutsemuka kwekushushikana kuitika kana yasangana nemamwe maajenti anoshanda pamusoro.Crosslinking yemamorekuru epolyethylene inovandudza kupisa pamwe chete nehunhu hwemuviri nepo magetsi emagetsi achiramba asina kuchinjika.Crosslinked polyethylene, saka-saka, haisisiri thermoplastic polymer.Iyo inopfava panzvimbo yekristaro yekunyungudika yepolyethylene uye inotora elastic, rabha-yakafanana kuenderana, chivakwa chainochengeta panguva yekumwe kukwira kwekupisa, kudzamara yave carbonise isina kunyungudika pa300⬚C.Tsika yekushushikana-kupwanya inonyangarika zvachose uye yakanakisa kuramba kuchembera mumhepo inopisa inowanikwa.Crosslinked polyethylene tambo dzinofarirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kweakanakisa magetsi uye emuviri zvimiro.Iyo inokwanisa kutakura mafungu mahombe, inomira diki radius kupeta uye ine huremu huremu, ichibvumira kuisirwa nyore uye kwakavimbika, kureva kuti haina hupamhi hwekuremerwa sezvo isina chero mafuta uye nekudaro haina kusununguka kubva mukutadza nekuda kwekufamba kwemafuta mumafuta. tambo yemunda.Izvo zvakare hazviwanzoda simbi sheath.Saka, haina kubva kune kukundikana kwakasiyana kune esimbi sheathed cables, ngura uye kuneta.Iye zvino-a-mazuva, radiation crosslinking inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri kwete chete polyethylene asiwo mamwe mapolymers akaita sepolyvinyl chloride, polyisobutylene nezvimwewo. Payo pachayo PVC haina kugadzikana zvakanyanya polima.Yakatanga kuwana kukosha kwekutengeserana chete mushure mekugadzirwa kwenzira dzinoshanda dzekudzikamisa.Nerubatsiro rwezvinogadziridza zvinhu (zvitsigiso, mapurasitiki, mafirita uye zvimwe zvinowedzera), PVC inogona kugadzirwa kuratidza huwandu hwakasiyana hwezvivakwa, kubva pakuomarara zvakanyanya kusvika kuchinjika.Kusiyana kwekushandiswa kwayo uye mutengo wayo wakaderera ndiwo unokonzera kukosha kwayo mumusika wepasi rose.
Kuti uwedzere kushanda kwekubatanidza, mapolymers haawanzo kushandiswa mune yavo yakachena fomu.Plasticisers, antioxidants, mafirita ane basa rawo munzira yavo yekugovera izvo zvinodiwa.Izvo zvinowedzera zviri nani panguva yekuyambuka maitiro.Plasticisers anowedzerwa kune mapolymers kuderedza brittleness yechigadzirwa chepolymer.Ivo vanokanganisa kuyambuka pese pavanotora chikamu muchizvarwa chemahararadicals kana kupinda mukuparadzira maitiro.Dibutyl phthalate, tritolyl phosphate uye diallyl phosphate ndiyo mienzaniso yakajairika yeplasticiser kuPVC.Flexibility uye elasticity, iyo inonyanya kukosha mukudzivirira kwemagetsi, inovandudzwa nekuwedzera mapurasitiki kuPVC.Chaizvoizvo kana PVC, iyo iri polar nekuda kwekusagadzikana chimiro, inopa kusimuka kune yakasimba intermolecular zvisungo, izvo zvinobatanidza macromolecular cheni zvakasimba, pamwe chete zvinoita kuti isachinjike.Antioxidants nderimwe boka rezviwedzere, izvo zvinodiwa kune chero musanganiswa wakabatanidzwa wakagadzirirwa chinangwa chinoshanda chekuenzanisa yakakwira thermooxidative kugadzikana pakugadzirwa kwepolymer.Kazhinji ivo vanokanganisa iyo crosslinking byscavenging radicals, iyo inogona kugadzira crosslinks.RC (4,4-thio-bis(6-tert-butyl-3-methyl phenol), MB(Mercapto benzoimidazole) ndiyo mienzaniso ye antioxidants iyo inoshandiswa neUeno et al. Kuwedzera kune plasticisers uye antioxidants, mavara anodiwa, Sezvinoshandiswa newaya yekuvharisa zvinhu kunyanya zvemidziyo.Mavara emapurasitiki anosanganisira akasiyana siyana einorganic uye organicmaterials.Madhizaini akaiswa mavara haafarirwe mundima ino.Mafirita anowanzowedzerwa kuti avandudze physico-mechanicha yavo uye mashandiro.Kuita kwakanaka kwemafirita kunogona Zvinoonekwa kuti goho rema radicals mu polyethylene rakawedzera ne 50%, kana yawedzerwa zvishoma (0.05%) zveaerosil. polyethylene, apo macromolecules anogona kunge ari mumamiriro asina kuenzana ematambudziko asina kubhadharwa.Nehuwandu hwepamusoro hwekuzadza, kuendeswa kwesimba kubva pakuzadza kusvika kuchikamu chepolymer kunogona kuitika uye nokudaro kunobatsira kune goho repamusoro re freeradicals.Uyezve, musanganiswa weradiation ine reactive musanganiswa unogona kukanganisa kugadzikwa kwemharadzano pamwe nemacheni epolymer.
Muchidimbu, mwaranzi inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwepolymer iyo inoshandiswa mundima yemagetsi.'Radiation crosslinking' chiitiko chinogona kuvandudzwa maitiro emapolymer.Ndiyo nzira yepamusoro-soro senge 'vulcanisation' inotakura zvimwe zvipimo.Iyo crosslinking efficiency inogona kuvandudzwa nesarudzo yeakakodzera monomers.Mune radiation crosslinking process, maplasticisers, mafirita uye kudzoreredza moto kwekuwedzera kunoshanda muradiation crosslinking process.Iyo radiationcrosslinking nzira zvakare inobatsira zvakanyanya mukugadzirira semiconductor zvinhu.Kunze kweizvi, nzira yekubatanidza nemwaranzi inogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzirira firimu remubatanidzwa uye mafirimu ane maitiro ekuita mafoto.
Nguva yekutumira: May-02-2017