Chii chinonzi PTFE uye PFOA?Vanowanikwa kupi?
PTFE izita remhando yekemikari yakagadzirwa nevanhu inozivikanwa sepolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).Yakanga iri mukushandiswa kwekutengesa kubva kuma1940s.Iine mashandisirwo akasiyana siyana nekuti yakatsiga zvakanyanya (haibatike nemamwe makemikari) uye inogona kupa nzvimbo inenge isina frictionless.Vanhu vazhinji vanozviziva sechinhu chisiri chekuputira pamusoro pepani uye zvimwe zvekubika.Inoshandiswawo mune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakawanda, zvakadai semachira ekudzivirira.Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), inozivikanwawo seC8, imwe kemikari yakagadzirwa nevanhu.Inoshandiswa mukugadzira polymer uye makemikari akafanana (anozivikanwa se fluorotelomers), kunyange zvazvo achipiswa mukati mekugadzirisa uye asipo muhuwandu hunokosha muzvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira.PFOA ine mukana wekuve nehutano hwehutano nokuti inogona. gara mumhoteredzo uye mumuviri wemunhu kwenguva yakareba.Zvidzidzo zvakawana kuti iripo pasi rose pamazinga akaderera muropa remunhu wese.Huwandu hwepamusoro hweropa hwakawanikwa muvagari venharaunda umo mvura yemuno yakasvibiswa nePFOA.Vanhu vanosangana nePFOA mumabasa vanogona kuve nemazinga akapetwa kakawanda.PFOA nemimwe mishonga yakafanana inogona kuwanikwa pamazinga akaderera mune zvimwe zvekudya, mvura yekunwa, uye muguruva remumba.Kunyangwe mazinga ePFOA mumvura yekunwa kazhinji akadzikira, anogona kuve akakwira mune dzimwe nzvimbo, senge padyo nemakemikari emiti anoshandisa PFOA.Vanhu vanogona zvakare kuoneswa PFOA kubva kune ski wax kana kubva kumachira uye carpeting iyo yakarapwa kuti isaita tsvina. .Non-stick cookware haisi yakakosha sosi yekuratidzwa kwePFOA.Ko PTFE nePFOA zvinokonzeresa gomarara here?PTFEPTFEpachayo haifungidzirwe kuti inokonzera kenza.PFOAZvidzidzo zvakawanda mumakore achangopfuura zvakatarisa mukana wePFOA yekukonzera cancer.Vatsvagiri vanoshandisa 2 mhando huru dzezvidzidzo kuyedza kuona kana chinhu chakadaro chingakonzeresa cancer.Zvidzidzo murabhoritariMuzvidzidzo zvakaitwa murabhoritari, mhuka dzinoratidzwa kune chinhu (kazhinji mumadosi makuru kwazvo) kuona kana ichikonzera mapundu kana mamwe matambudziko ehutano.Vatsvagiri vanogona zvakare kufumura maseru emunhu mundiro yerabhoritari kune chinhu kuti vaone kana ichikonzera mhando dzeshanduko dzinoonekwa mumaseru egomarara. Zvidzidzo mumhuka dzemurabhoritari zvakawana kuratidzwa nePFOA kunowedzera njodzi yemamwe mapundu echiropa, machende. mazamu (mazamu), uye pancreas mumhuka idzi.Kazhinji, zvidzidzo zvakanyatsoitwa mumhuka zvinoita basa rakanaka rekufanotaura kuti ndezvipi zvinoratidzira zvinokonzeresa gomarara muvanhu.Asi hazvina kujeka kana nzira iyo kemikari inokanganisa njodzi yegomarara mumhuka ingave yakafanana muvanhu.Zvidzidzo muvanhuMamwe marudzi ezvidzidzo anotarisa huwandu hwegomarara mumapoka akasiyana evanhu.Zvidzidzo izvi zvinogona kuenzanisa huwandu hwegomarara muboka rakafumurwa kune chiyero chegomarara muboka risingaonekwe kwairi, kana kuenzanisa nehuwandu hwegomarara muhuwandu hwevanhu.Asi dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kuziva kuti migumisiro yemhando idzi dzezvidzidzo zvinorevei, nokuti zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa migumisiro.Zvidzidzo zvakatarisa vanhu vakaratidzirwa kuPFOA kubva pakugara pedyo kana kushanda mumiti yemakemikari.Zvimwe zvezvidzidzo izvi zvakaratidza njodzi yakawedzera yegomarara retesticular nekuwedzera kuratidzwa kwePFOA.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidzawo zvinongedzo zvinongedzo kune kenza yeitsvo uye kenza yegomarara, asi kuwedzera kwengozi kwave kudiki uye kwaigona kunge kwakakonzerwa nemukana.Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza hukama hunobvira kune mamwe magomarara, kusanganisira prostate, dundira, uye kenza yeovarian.Asi hazvisi zvese zvidzidzo zvakawana hukama hwakadaro, uye kumwe kutsvagisa kunodiwa kujekesa izvi zvakawanikwa.Masangano enyanzvi anotiiMasangano akati wandei epasirese uye epasirese anodzidza zvakasiyana siyana zvakatipoteredza kuti aone kana achigona kukonzera cancer.(Chinhu chinokonzera gomarara kana kubatsira gomarara kukura chinonzi acarcinogen.) The American Cancer Society inotarisa kumasangano aya kuti aongorore njodzi dzinobva pauchapupu hunobva murabhoritari, mhuka, uye zvidzidzo zvetsvakurudzo dzevanhu.Sangano reInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)chikamu cheWorld Health Organisation (WHO).Chimwe chezvinangwa zvaro ndechekuona zvikonzero zvegomarara.IARC yakaronga PFOA se "zvichida carcinogenic kuvanhu" (Group 2B), zvichibva pauchapupu hushoma muvanhu kuti inogona kukonzera kenza ye testicular neitsvo, uye humbowo hushoma mumhuka dzemurabhoritari.(Kuwana rumwe ruzivo nezve classification system inoshandiswa neIARC, ona Anozivikanwa uye Anogona Kukonzera Carcinogens Yevanhu.)Iyo USEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA)inochengetedza Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), dura remagetsi rine ruzivo pamusoro pehutano hwevanhu kubva pakuratidzwa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinhu zvakatipoteredza.Mushumo (kwete wekupedzisira), EPA's Scientific Advisory Board yakaongorora humbowo huri paPFOA, kunyanya kubva muzvidzidzo zvemhuka dzemurabhoritari, uye ikataura kuti pane "humbowo hunofungidzira hwecarcinogenicity, asi hazvina kukwana kuongorora kugona kwevanhu kenza."Dare rakabvumirana kuti humbowo hutsva huchatariswa sezvahunowanikwa.Mamwe masangano haasati aongorora zviri pamutemo kana PFOA inogona kukonzera gomarara.Chii chiri kuitwa nezvePFOA?Mhedzisiro yenguva refu yePFOA nemamwe makemikari akafanana haazivikanwe, asi pakave nekunetsekana kwakakwana kukurudzira kuyedza kubvisa kuburitswa kwemaindasitiri kwavari.Makambani mashomanana chete akashandisa makemikari aya mukugadzira mumakore achangopfuura.Kunyange zvazvo zvinogona kuitika kwenguva refu zvehutano hwePFOA hazvizivikanwi, nyaya yacho ikozvino iri kuongororwa neEPA nemamwe masangano.Uye zvakare, mu2006, iyo EPA nevagadziri ve8 vakashandisa PFOA panguva iyoyo vakabvumirana ne "chirongwa cheutariri."Zvinangwa zvaive zvekuti makambani aderedze kuburitswa kwefekitori uye mazinga ezvigadzirwa zvePFOA ne95% panosvika gore ra2010, uye kubvisa PFOA kubva mukuburitswa uye zviri mukati mezvigadzirwa panopera 2015. EPA, uye mishumo yazvino yakaratidza kudzikiswa kukuru kwekushandiswa kwemakemikari aya.Kudzikira kwekuda kwePFOA kwakonzerawo kuti makambani mazhinji arege kugadzirwa.EPA haitungamiri mazinga ePFOA kana makemikari ane hukama (akadai perfluorooctane sulfonate, kana PFOS) mumvura yekunwa panguva ino.Nekudaro, mu2009, iyo EPA yakaburitsa zvenguva pfupi zvehutano mazano (PHAs) ePFOA nePFOS mumvura yekunwa.Aya mazano anokurudzira kuti matanho anofanirwa kutorwa kuderedza kuratidzwa kana zvinosvibisa zvichikwira pamusoro peimwe nhanho mumvura yekunwa - 0.4 µg/L (micrograms per litre) yePFOA uye 0.2 µg/L yePFOS.Aya mazano haasi emutemo ehurumende uye anogona kuchinja sezvo ruzivo rutsva runowanikwa.Ndinofanira kutora matanho ekuzvidzivirira, sekusashandisa mapani angu akavharwa nepolymer?Kunze kwengozi inobvira yezviratidzo-sefuruwenza kubva pakufema utsi kubva pani yakapisa-yakavharwa nepolymer, hapana njodzi dzinozivikanwa kuvanhu kubva mukushandisa.PTFE-coated cookware.Nepo PFOA ichishandiswa kugadzira polima, haipo (kana kuti iripo mune zvidiki zvakanyanyisa) muzvigadzirwa zvakavharwa nepolymer.Nekuda kwekuti nzira dzingaitwe nevanhu kuPFOA hadzizivikanwe, hazvizivikanwe kuti ndeapi matanho angatorwa nevanhu. kuderedza kuratidzwa kwavo.Sekureva kweUS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), vanhu vane tsime remvura yekunwa vanowanikwa vaine yakakwirira kupfuura yakajairwa mazinga ePFOA kana makemikari akafanana vanogona kufunga nezvekushandisa mvura yemubhodhoro kana kuisa activated carbon water filters.
Kune vanhu vane hanya kuti vangangove vakaratidzirwa kune yakakwirira yePFOA, mazinga eropa anogona kuyerwa, asi iyi haisi bvunzo yenguva dzose inogona kuitwa muhofisi yachiremba.Kunyangwe bvunzo ikaitwa, hazvisi pachena kuti mhedzisiro yacho ingarevei maererano nehutano hunogona kuitika.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-14-2018